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(APL) A programming language designed originally byKen Iverson at Harvard University in 1957-1960 as a notationfor the concise expression of mathematical algorithms. Itwent unnamed (or just called Iverson's Language) andunimplemented for many years. Finally a subset, APL\360, wasimplemented in 1964.APL is an interactive array-oriented language and programmingenvironment with many innovative features. It was originallywritten using a non-standard character set. It isdynamically typed with dynamic scope. APL introducedseveral functional forms but is not purely functional.Dyalog APL/W and Visual APL are recognized .NET languages.Dyalog APL/W, APLX and APL2000 all offer object-orientedextensions to the language.ISO 8485 is the 1989 standard defining the language.Commercial versions: APL SV, VS APL, Sharp APL, Sharp APL/PC,APL*PLUS, APL*PLUS/PC, APL*PLUS/PC II, MCM APL, Honeyapple,DEC APL, APL+Win, APL+Linux, APL+Unix and VisualAPL(http://www.apl2000.com/), Dyalog APL(http://www.dyalog.com/), IBM APL2(http://www-306.ibm.com/software/awdtools/apl/), APLX(http://www.microapl.co.uk/apl/), Sharp APL(http://www.soliton.com/services_sharp.html)Open source version: NARS2000 (http://www.nars2000.org/).APL wiki (http://aplwiki.com/).See also Kamin's interpreters.APLWEB (http://www.microapl.co.uk/apl/) translates WEB toAPL.["A Programming Language", Kenneth E. Iverson, Wiley, 1962].["APL: An Interactive Approach", 1976].