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A jurist and politician of Jewish extraction; born in St. Croix, West Indies, Aug. 11, 1811. He was a famous secessionist and was known as "the brains of the Confederacy". He was Secretary of War in 1861 and Secretary of State of the Confederacy in 1862-65. At the close of the Civil War he fled to England, where he won fame and fortune in the practice of law. His works include "Digest of Decisions of Supreme Court of New Orleans" (1834); "Changes in the Practical Operation of the Constitution" (1860); "Defence of National Democracy" (1860). His "Law of Sale" (1883), is an authority in English courts. He died in Paris, France, May 7, 1884.